In vitro and/or animal evidence with unclear implications, however, it cannot exclude the possibility of occurring in humans

Intervention by a healthcare professional may be required

Antibiotics (Doxycycline and cephalosporins)

In vitro study (Drug-herb interaction was not directly studied. Bilberry extract increase IC50 values of erlotinib)

Clinical evaluation by a healthcare professional is recommended to assess the degree of intervention required

Anticancer agent (Erlotinib)

Case report (Rectal bleeding after taking warfarin with bilberry)

Evidence suggests this interaction might occur in some patients

Anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents

In vitro study (Drug-herb interaction was not directly studied. A significant, dose-dependent inhibition of ACE activity was seen after incubation with bilberry extract)

Antihypertensive drugs (ACE inhibitors)

Clinical trial (Drug-herb interaction was not directly studied. The ingestion of bilberry extract significantly decreased the incremental AUC for both glucose and insulin compared to placebo)

Depending on drug and disease state